p104: survey on cell phone usage on driving performance handheld vs. hard free

reviews in many countries indicate that drivers often talk on mobile (cell) phones. studies have been done on possible effects of concurrent mobile phone use on driving performance. previous studies have found that phone talking could impairs performance on simulated or instrumented driving tasks, using such measures as reaction time, following distance, and situational awareness. most of these impairments have resulted from cognitive distractions. furthermore, some other suggested that neither gender nor driving skill level had any effect on such hazards. so a person using a mobile phone when driving is four times more likely to have a crash. numerous governments have introduced regulations governing the use of mobile (cellular) telephones while driving. data indicated a significant effect of telephoning while driving as opposed to normal driving internationally, drivers report usually using hand held phones. due to worries about risks of a potential crash, use of hand held phones is illegal in most countries. there also was some evidence that the use of a hand-held mobile phone (when compared to a hands-free system) was associated with poorer driving performance. we concluded that simply conversing over a hands-free telephone while driving does not in itself impair performance. driving performance was rated better for hands free than for handheld mode. interestingly research shows so few effects from hand free mobile phone as it may not be illegal. however, a difficult conversation may affect the driving adversely, and any prolonged manipulation of the telephone is liable to produce a performance decrement, particularly under conditions that put heavy demands on the driver's attention and skill. put this together result showed higher risk of car crash by using cell phone.